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<title>Complement component 2</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Complement component 2</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the aircraft, see <a href="Grumman_C-2_Greyhound" title="Grumman C-2 Greyhound">Grumman C-2 Greyhound</a>.</div>

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<table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">C2</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;width:43px"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit">Ortholog search: <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P21180%20or%20P06681%20or%20Q5JP69%20or%20F2Z3N2">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P21180,P06681,Q5JP69,F2Z3N2">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="text-align:center"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I6S">2I6S</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ERB">3ERB</a>,%%s<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ODQ">2ODQ</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/1248">C2</a></span>, ARMD14, CO2, complement component 2, complement C2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/613927">613927</a>; <a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:88226">88226</a>; <a href="HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=45">45</a>; <a href="GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=C2">C2</a>; <a href="Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000206372">C2 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Chromosome_6_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 6 (human)">Chromosome 6 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 49.570208626613px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 55.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">6p21.33</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">31,897,785 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">31,945,673 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">Chromosome 17 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 103.28721482143px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 109.3px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">17 B1|17 18.41 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">35,081,580 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">35,117,241 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000206372">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">liver</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lobe of liver</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">placenta</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">spleen</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">upper lobe of left lung</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">gallbladder</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">appendix</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">right lung</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">lymph node</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">duodenum</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000024371">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">iris</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">decidua</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">adrenal gland</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">white adipose tissue</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lobe of liver</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">tunica adventitia of aorta</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">lumbar spinal ganglion</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">mesenteric lymph nodes</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">sciatic nerve</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">ileum</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000206372">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/717/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008233">peptidase activity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008236">serine-type peptidase activity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016787">hydrolase activity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004252">serine-type endopeptidase activity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006956">complement activation</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000427">positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030449">regulation of complement activation</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007584">response to nutrient</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006508">proteolysis</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006958">complement activation, classical pathway</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0002376">immune system process</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045087">innate immune response</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=717&rn=1">717</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=12263&rn=1">12263</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000206372;db=core">ENSG00000206372</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000235017;db=core">ENSG00000235017</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000235696;db=core">ENSG00000235696</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000226560;db=core">ENSG00000226560</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000204364;db=core">ENSG00000204364</a><br></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000166278;db=core">ENSG00000166278</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000231543;db=core">ENSG00000231543</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000024371;db=core">ENSMUSG00000024371</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P06681">P06681</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q5JP69">Q5JP69</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21180">P21180</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000063">NM_000063</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001145903">NM_001145903</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001178063">NM_001178063</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001282457">NM_001282457</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001282458">NM_001282458</a><br></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001282459">NM_001282459</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_013484">NM_013484</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000054">NP_000054</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001139375">NP_001139375</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001171534">NP_001171534</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001269386">NP_001269386</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001269387">NP_001269387</a><br></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001269388">NP_001269388</a><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000054.2">NP_000054.2</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_038512">NP_038512</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr6:31897785-31945673">Chr 6: 31.9 – 31.95 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr17:35081580-35117241">Chr 17: 35.08 – 35.12 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13566093" class="extiw external" title="d:Q13566093">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18248036" class="extiw external" title="d:Q18248036">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Complement C2</b> is a <a href="Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>C2</i> <a href="Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protein encoded by this gene is part of the <a href="Classical_complement_pathway" title="Classical complement pathway">classical pathway</a> of the <a href="Complement_system" title="Complement system">complement system</a>, acting as a multi-domain serine protease. Deficiency of C2 has been associated with certain autoimmune diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <b>Complement system</b> is generated to regulate self protection from infection. The overall Complement system is composed of protein groups that collaborate in destroying foreign invaders, which ultimately remove debris from cells and tissues. When the body detects a foreign invader, the body signals the Complement system and the Complement component 2 protein attaches to Complement system 4 resulting in an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2923430/">immune response.</a> Complement component 2 protein is critical for regulating the body's immune response.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div>

<p>In the <a href="Classical_complement_pathway" title="Classical complement pathway">classical</a> and <a href="Lectin_pathway" title="Lectin pathway">lectin</a> pathways of <a href="Complement_activation" class="mw-redirect" title="Complement activation">complement activation</a>, formation of the <a href="C3-convertase" title="C3-convertase">C3-convertase</a> and <a href="C5-convertase" title="C5-convertase">C5-convertases</a> requires binding of C2 to an activated surface-bound <a href="C4b" class="mw-redirect" title="C4b">C4b</a> in the presence of <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg<sup>2+</sup></a>; the resultant C4bC2 complex is cleaved by <a href="C1s" class="mw-redirect" title="C1s">C1s</a> or <a href="MASP2_(protein)" title="MASP2 (protein)">MASP2</a> into C2a and C2b. It is thought that cleavage of C2 by C1s, while bound to C4b, results in a conformational rotation of C2b whereas the released C2a fragment may retain most of its original structure.

</p><p>C2b is the smallest, enzymatically active, fragment of C3 convertase in this pathway, C4b2b (NB: <a href="Complement_system#Complement_protein_fragment_nomenclature" title="Complement system">some sources now refer</a> to the larger fragment of C2 as C2b, making the C3 convertase C4b2b, whereas older sources refer to the larger fragment of C2 as C2a, making the C3 convertase C4b2a). The smaller fragment, C2a (or C2b, depending on the source) is released into the fluid phase.<sup id="cite_ref-c2_fragment_structure_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c2_fragment_structure-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complement_Component_2_Deficiency">Complement Component 2 Deficiency</h2></div>

<p><b>In the Molecular Biology,</b> the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/complement-component-c2">deficiency of Complement Component 2 i</a> s a disorder that causes a major effect in the immune system, resulting in a form of immunodeficiency. This effect results in an inability to protect the body against any foreign invader. Complement component 2 deficiency is also connected with an increased risk of developing autoimmune disorders, such as systemic vasculitis. Complement deficiencies is a challenge to understand due to insufficient clinical trails. Using a hemolytic-plaque assay, RNA extraction, and blot analysis, it is fair to note that complement component 2 deficiency is a result of pre-translational regulatory detect in C2 gene expression.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This detects a lack of synthesis within the C2 protein. This deficiency can be further understood by incorporating plasma protein deficiencies, especially those in tissue macrophages. It is also important to note that Complement component 2 deficiency can be caused by genetic and environmental factors. In genetic inheritance, Autosomal recessive conditions are inherited with mutations in both copies of the gene where parents of autosomal recessive condition typically do not show symptoms.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_SLE">Development of SLE</h2></div>

<p>Complement component 2 deficiency is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune disorders, with females more likely to have SLE. Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and tissue damage, affecting many parts of the body. Lupus can range from mild to severe and can cause inflammation in organs, such as joints, skin, kidneys, and brain. The severity of the disorder varies.

C2 is an important component of both the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation, and is essential for first line defense against <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmcimmunol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2172-11-43">microbial infection.</a> It binds to MBL or ficolins to form the C3 convertase C4b2a. In C2 deficiency, C3 is not efficiently cleaved, leading to limited deposition of C3 fragments on immune complexes and apoptotic cells, leading to chronic activation of the complement system.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment_and_Management">Treatment and Management</h2></div>

<p><b>Complement deficiency</b> is managed on a case-by-case basis with antibiotics and regular visits with an immunologist. A form to treat complement component 2 deficiency includes replacing the missing component of the cascade, either through direct infusion of the protein or through gene therapy. Patients should be aware of symptoms of meningococcal infection and receive routine vaccinations. Patients should seek for accessible resources offered by the medical provider and take the necessary actions needed to treat for complement deficiency.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patient_Education">Patient Education</h2></div>

<p>Patients and parents should be educated on the symptoms of serious illness and seek care immediately. Vaccination is an important preventive measure for the deficiency of complement component 2. Early diagnosis, antibiotic prophylaxis, and vaccinations can help prevent life-threatening infections in hereditary C2 deficiency.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Promoting_Health_Care_Outcomes">Promoting Health Care Outcomes</h2></div>

<p>The interprofessional team must be aware of the clinical features of patients with complement deficiency or immunodeficiency, and refer them to allergist/immunologists when necessary. Infection prevention and treatment of infections are key for complement deficiencies.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

Patient organizations build public awareness and support research to improve patients' lives. Patient organizations provide access to information, resources, and support.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_Significance">Clinical Significance</h2></div>

<p>Photosensitive patients with C2 type I deficiency have poor prognosis. C2 type I deficiency is caused by a 28-base pair gene deletion, resulting in premature termination codon and lack of C2 protein. Patients with LE associated with complement C4 or C2 deficiencies have a better prognosis than those without inherited deficiencies. Complement component 2 deficiency increases risk of autoimmune disorders which may be managed by receiving the adequate care. Clinically, this is significant since Complement component 2 deficiency increases the risk of recurrent bacterial infections, which may be life-threatening.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_names">Other names</h2></div>

<p>This gene is also known as:

</p>

<li>C3/C5 convertase</li>

<li>Complement component 2</li>

<li>Complement component C2</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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<li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000206372,">ENSG00000235017, ENSG00000235696, ENSG00000226560, ENSG00000204364, ENSG00000166278, ENSG00000231543 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000206372, ENSG00000235017, ENSG00000235696, ENSG00000226560, ENSG00000204364, ENSG00000166278, ENSG00000231543</a> – <a href="Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000024371">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024371</a> – <a href="Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span>

</li>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=12263">"Mouse PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entrez_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=717">"Entrez Gene: C2 complement component 2"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-c2_fragment_structure-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c2_fragment_structure_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnanXuMaconVolanakis2009" class="citation journal cs1">Krishnan V, Xu Y, Macon K, Volanakis JE, Narayana SV (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2651757">"The structure of C2b, a fragment of complement component C2 produced during C3 convertase formation"</a>. <i>Acta Crystallographica D</i>. <b>65</b> (Pt 3): <span class="nowrap">266–</span>274. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1107%2FS0907444909000389">10.1107/S0907444909000389</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2651757">2651757</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19237749">19237749</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ippolito A, Wallace DJ, Gladman D, Fortin PR, Urowitz M, Werth V, et al. Auto-antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison of historical and current assessment of seropositivity. Lupus (2011) 20:250–5. doi:10.1177/0961203310385738</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/specific-disease-types/complement-deficiencies#:~:text=Treatment%20of%20Complement%20Deficiencies&text=Currently%2C%20there%20are%20no%20specific,of%20patients%20with%20these%20deficiencies">"Complement Deficiencies | Immune Deficiency Foundation"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div>

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<ul><li>Jonsson G, Truedsson L, Sturfelt G, Oxelius VA, Braconier JH, Sjoholm AG. Hereditary C2 deficiency in Sweden: frequent occurrence of invasive infection, atherosclerosis, and rheumatic disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005Jan;84(1):23-34. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000152371.22747.1e. Citation on PubMed (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubmed.ncb">https://pubmed.ncb</a> i.nlm.nih.gov/15643297)</li>

<li>Complement+2 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Sjöholm AG, Jönsson G, Braconier JH, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L. Complement deficiency and disease: an update. Mol Immunol. 2006 Jan;43(1-2):78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.025. PMID 16026838.</li>

<li>Wen L, Atkinson JP, Giclas PC. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of complement deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Apr;113(4):585-93; quiz 594. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.02.003. PMID 15100659.</li>

<li>Chen HH, Tsai LJ, Lee KR, Chen YM, Hung WT, Chen DY. Genetic association of complement component 2 polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus. Tissue Antigens. 2015 Aug;86(2):122-33. doi: 10.1111/tan.12602. Epub 2015 Jul 14. PMID 26176736.</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBartholomewShanahan1991" class="citation journal cs1">Bartholomew WR, Shanahan TC (1991). "Complement components and receptors: deficiencies and disease associations". <i>Immunology Series</i>. <b>52</b>: <span class="nowrap">33–</span>51. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2091785">2091785</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1987" class="citation journal cs1">Campbell RD (Jan 1987). "The molecular genetics and polymorphism of C2 and factor B". <i>British Medical Bulletin</i>. <b>43</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>49. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.bmb.a072175">10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072175</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3315100">3315100</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFYu1999" class="citation journal cs1">Yu CY (1999). "Molecular genetics of the human MHC complement gene cluster". <i>Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics</i>. <b>15</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">213–</span>230. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000019075">10.1159/000019075</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10072631">10072631</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25061446">25061446</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLutsenkoKharchenkoBachurinLomakin1976" class="citation journal cs1">Lutsenko SM, Kharchenko VG, Bachurin VI, Lomakin MM (Feb 1976). "[Circulating blood volume and regional hemodynamics in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage]". <i>Sovetskaia Meditsina</i> (2): <span class="nowrap">38–</span>41. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1084023">1084023</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFZhuHsiehBentleyCampbell1992" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu ZB, Hsieh SL, Bentley DR, Campbell RD, Volanakis JE (Jun 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2119228">"A variable number of tandem repeats locus within the human complement C2 gene is associated with a retroposon derived from a human endogenous retrovirus"</a>. <i>The Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>. <b>175</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1783–</span>1787. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1084%2Fjem.175.6.1783">10.1084/jem.175.6.1783</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2119228">2119228</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1350302">1350302</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLappinGucHillMcShane1992" class="citation journal cs1">Lappin DF, Guc D, Hill A, McShane T, Whaley K (Jan 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1130704">"Effect of interferon-gamma on complement gene expression in different cell types"</a>. <i>The Biochemical Journal</i>. <b>281</b> (Pt 2): <span class="nowrap">437–</span>442. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj2810437">10.1042/bj2810437</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1130704">1130704</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1531292">1531292</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonDensenHurfordColten1992" class="citation journal cs1">Johnson CA, Densen P, Hurford RK, Colten HR, Wetsel RA (May 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2950430-6">"Type I human complement C2 deficiency. A 28-base pair gene deletion causes skipping of exon 6 during RNA splicing"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>267</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">9347–</span>9353. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2950430-6">10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50430-6</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1577763">1577763</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLappinBirnieWhaley1990" class="citation journal cs1">Lappin DF, Birnie GD, Whaley K (Nov 1990). "Interferon-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of complement gene expression in human monocytes". <i>European Journal of Biochemistry</i>. <b>194</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">177–</span>184. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1432-1033.1990.tb19443.x">10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19443.x</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1701385">1701385</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHoriuchiMaconKiddVolanakis1989" class="citation journal cs1">Horiuchi T, Macon KJ, Kidd VJ, Volanakis JE (Mar 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.142.6.2105">"cDNA cloning and expression of human complement component C2"</a>. <i>Journal of Immunology</i>. <b>142</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">2105–</span>2111. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.142.6.2105">10.4049/jimmunol.142.6.2105</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2493504">2493504</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45538303">45538303</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFColeWhiteheadAuerbachLint1985" class="citation journal cs1">Cole FS, Whitehead AS, Auerbach HS, Lint T, Zeitz HJ, Kilbridge P, Colten HR (Jul 1985). "The molecular basis for genetic deficiency of the second component of human complement". <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>313</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">11–</span>16. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM198507043130103">10.1056/NEJM198507043130103</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2582254">2582254</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBentley1986" class="citation journal cs1">Bentley DR (Oct 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1147286">"Primary structure of human complement component C2. Homology to two unrelated protein families"</a>. <i>The Biochemical Journal</i>. <b>239</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">339–</span>345. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj2390339">10.1042/bj2390339</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1147286">1147286</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2949737">2949737</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBentleyCampbellCross1985" class="citation journal cs1">Bentley DR, Campbell RD, Cross SJ (1985). "DNA polymorphism of the C2 locus". <i>Immunogenetics</i>. <b>22</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">377–</span>390. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00430921">10.1007/BF00430921</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2997031">2997031</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11934813">11934813</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKamMcRaeHarperNiemann1987" class="citation journal cs1">Kam CM, McRae BJ, Harper JW, Niemann MA, Volanakis JE, Powers JC (Mar 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2961371-7">"Human complement proteins D, C2, and B. Active site mapping with peptide thioester substrates"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>262</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">3444–</span>3451. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2961371-7">10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61371-7</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3546307">3546307</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWuMorleyCampbell1987" class="citation journal cs1">Wu LC, Morley BJ, Campbell RD (Jan 1987). "Cell-specific expression of the human complement protein factor B gene: evidence for the role of two distinct 5'-flanking elements". <i>Cell</i>. <b>48</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">331–</span>342. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0092-8674%2887%2990436-3">10.1016/0092-8674(87)90436-3</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3643061">3643061</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32752642">32752642</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGagnon1984" class="citation journal cs1">Gagnon J (Sep 1984). "Structure and activation of complement components C2 and factor B". <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i>. <b>306</b> (1129): <span class="nowrap">301–</span>309. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984RSPTB.306..301G">1984RSPTB.306..301G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.1984.0091">10.1098/rstb.1984.0091</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6149575">6149575</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBentleyPorter1984" class="citation journal cs1">Bentley DR, Porter RR (Feb 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC344796">"Isolation of cDNA clones for human complement component C2"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>81</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1212–</span>1215. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984PNAS...81.1212B">1984PNAS...81.1212B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.81.4.1212">10.1073/pnas.81.4.1212</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC344796">344796</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6199794">6199794</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFParkesGagnonKerr1983" class="citation journal cs1">Parkes C, Gagnon J, Kerr MA (Jul 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1152109">"The reaction of iodine and thiol-blocking reagents with human complement components C2 and factor B. Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of a peptide from C2a containing a free thiol group"</a>. <i>The Biochemical Journal</i>. <b>213</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">201–</span>209. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj2130201">10.1042/bj2130201</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1152109">1152109</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6555044">6555044</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKerrGagnon1982" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr MA, Gagnon J (Jul 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1158446">"The purification and properties of the second component of guinea-pig complement"</a>. <i>The Biochemical Journal</i>. <b>205</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>67. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj2050059">10.1042/bj2050059</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1158446">1158446</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6922702">6922702</a>.</cite></li>

<li>Liu C-C, Ahearn JM. Complement and systemic lupus erythematosus. 7th ed. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ Lupus Erythematosus. (Chap. 13), Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2007). p. 214–35.</li>

<li>Grammatikos AP, Tsokos GC. Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity: lessons from systemic lupus erythematosus. Trends Mol Med (2012) 18:101–8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2011.10.005" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.10.005">doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.10.005</a></li>

<li>Ippolito A, Wallace DJ, Gladman D, Fortin PR, Urowitz M, Werth V, et al. Auto-antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison of historical and current assessment of seropositivity. Lupus (2011) 20:250–5. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203310385738" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1177/0961203310385738">doi:10.1177/0961203310385738</a></li>

<li>Outer surface lipoproteins from the Lyme disease spirochete exploit the molecular switch mechanism of the complement protease C1s. arrigues et al.Journal of Biological ChemistrySeptember 29, 2022</li>

<li>Paip2A inhibits translation by competitively binding to the RNA recognition motifs of PABPC1 and promoting its dissociation from the poly(A) tail</li>

<li>Sagae et al.Journal of Biological ChemistryMarch 17, 2022</li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Complement+2">Complement+2</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="PDB_gallery11" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">PDB gallery</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul class="nochecker gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="line-height:130%">

<div class="gallerytext"><b>2i6q</b>: Complement component C2a</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><b>2i6s</b>: Complement component C2a</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><b>2odp</b>: Complement component C2a, the catalytic fragment of C3- and C5-convertase of human complement</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><b>2odq</b>: Complement component C2a, the catalytic fragment of C3- and C5-convertase of human complement</div>

</li>

</ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Complement_system89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Complement_system89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Complement_system" title="Complement system">Complement system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pathways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activators/enzymes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</ul>

<ul><li><i>A:</i> <a href="Complement_factor_B" title="Complement factor B">Factor B</a></li>

<li><a href="Factor_D" title="Factor D">Factor D</a></li>

<li><a href="Properdin" title="Properdin">Factor P/Properdin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="C3-convertase" title="C3-convertase">C3-convertase</a></li>

<li><a href="C5-convertase" title="C5-convertase">C5-convertase</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>CLA:</i> <a href="C1-inhibitor" title="C1-inhibitor">C1-inhibitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Decay-accelerating_factor" title="Decay-accelerating factor">Decay-accelerating factor</a>/<a href="CD59" title="CD59">CD59</a></li>

<li><a href="Complement_factor_I" title="Complement factor I">Factor I</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><i>A:</i> <a href="Factor_H" title="Factor H">Factor H</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Complement_receptor" title="Complement receptor">Complement receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Anaphylatoxin_receptors" title="Anaphylatoxin receptors">Anaphylatoxin</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cytotoxicity" title="Cytotoxicity">Cytotoxicity</a>(by MAC)</li>

<li><a href="Immune_adherence" title="Immune adherence">immune adherence</a></li>

<li>Inducing <a href="Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a></li>

<li><a href="Opsonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Opsonization">Opsonization</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-16" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Complement_component_2&oldid=1300833275">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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